Stress is an inevitable part of life. From minor inconveniences to major life crises, humans constantly face challenges that require adaptation. Psychology defines stress as the body’s response to perceived threats or demands, and while some stress can be motivating, chronic or overwhelming stress has serious consequences for mental and physical health.
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The physiological basis of stress was first described by Hans Selye, who coined the term “general adaptation syndrome.” According to his model, the body responds to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. The initial alarm triggers the “fight-or-flight” response, releasing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. If stress persists, the body enters resistance, attempting to adapt. Prolonged stress without relief eventually leads to exhaustion, weakening immunity and increasing vulnerability to illness.
